Epimedium, also popularly known as horny goat weed is a genus of herbaceous perennials belonging to the family Berberidaceae. The plant is found to possess aphrodisiac properties. Legend has it that a Chinese goat herder observed and reported increased sexual activity in his heard after it consumed the plant, hence the name. Its active ingredient is icariin. This ingredient has been reported to have a number of effects on the body. It inhibits the degradation of cyclic guanosine mono phosphate cGMP by PDE5 in the blood vessels supplying the corpus cavernosum of the penis. cGMP is the activated form of GMP produced by the release of nitric oxide in the vessels and relaxes the smooth muscle tissue resulting in the improvement in blood flow and erection. It also acts to increase mental faculties.

Piperidine is an organic compound consisting of a six-member ring that contains five methylene and one nitrogen atom. It can be naturally found in pepper. It is responsible for giving black pepper its pungent characteristic. Piperidine has the ability to increase absorption of some nutrients and substances, such as amino acids, in the cell and blood by using proteins as transporters to the digestive tract. This benefits the overall health because vitamins and nutrients become utilized more efficiently in the body. Piperidine enhances the production of serotonin that enhances the mood and relieves pain; Piperidine is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and to also help in soothing the pain. Piperidine also improves digestion, thus, aiding in weight loss and minimizing stomach aches and pains.

Quercetin, a bioflavonoid derived mostly from blue-green algae. Quercetin is a strong antioxidant commonly found in onions, wine and tea.

Trans-Resveratrol is an antioxidant that is present in some particular plants. It provides the protection to the plants from the damage done by fungi and bacteria. Such shield is essential for plants to stay alive. It has however been proven that it even provides some protection for the human body. It is found in berries and grapes, peanuts; studies have proven that reservatrol to be effectual in combating diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Continuous use of trans-resveratrol supplements might yield many health benefits. It has been proven to aid in combating cancer or even preventing it in a few cases. Of course, it is extensively known for its helpful effects on heart fitness, along with blocking the upsurge of fat in the arteries.